In this investor brief, I will expound partially on the investment thesis for Alibaba - a Chinese e-commerce enterprise - or rather, a Chinese conglomerate which is rapidly expanding into many exuberant sectors. Alibaba is dual-listed on the Hang Seng index and New York Stock Exchange. In this first post on the cash-rich company, I will focus on the quantitative valuation of Alibaba. Suffice to say that the valuation has been very clear-cut in light of Alibaba's rapidly growing FCF and Cash Position, EBITDA, etc, and healthy debt position, in spite of the COVID situation which rapidly unfolded in China last year (affecting its bottom-line somewhat, though it has bounced back since then).
Alibaba's strong FCF growth of 28% in 2020 despite a slight decline reported in 2019
Alibaba's rapid growth in net income, with record levels being declared in 2020 (68% increase)
Alibaba's rapidly increasing EBITDA
It is pellucid from the above that Alibaba is growing at a historically tremendous rate, with the market over-reacting to political risks, and indeed, a qualitative analysis of BABA's earning visibility and growth prospects will bring us even closer to support the quantitative valuation of BABA below.
1. Valuation based on Graham's formula
Benjamin Graham is an esteemed value investor and professor, who has written best-selling investment classics such as The Intelligent Investor and Security Analysis. While he is a value investor, his 1962 editor of Security Analysis briefly digressed into the valuation of growth stocks, via the use of forecasted future earnings (this has since been removed from later editions of Security Analysis). While this is extremely tricky and debatable, as nobody can predict into the future and all extrapolations are at best guesstimates, a 'margin of safety' has been incorporated in this valuation in addition to the use of conservative estimates as parameters. (See more here on Benjamin Graham's approach to investing in growth stocks; indeed, Graham is also known for his seminal Stock Selection Framework - a set of guidelines to select "safe" stocks to invest in, which arguably provides capital protection benefits; this will be discussed in future blog posts)
Given that Alibaba follows the fundamental pre-conditions before application of Graham's formula,
EPS: 9.31 HKD; Projected Growth Rate: 15%; Corporate Bond Yield (AAA): 4.5%; Intrinsic Value: 351 HKD
EPS: 10.44 HKD (normalised); PGR: 15%; CBY: 4.5%; Intrinsic Value: 393 HKD
EPS: 8.91 HKD (TTM); PGR: 15%, CBY: 4.5%, Intrinsic Value: 335 HKD
Average: 360 HKD
After 20% Margin of Safety, Alibaba's Fair Value is at least: 288 HKD
After 30% Margin of Safety, Alibaba's Fair Value is at least: 252 HKD
The values obtained above are highly conservative as Alibaba's EPS is growing at a rate much faster than 15%. Indeed, Alibaba's EPS growth from 2019-2020 was 59%, from 2018 to 2019 was 27% and from 2017 to 2018, it was 58%. Therefore, this forecast is being extremely pessimistic, and weighs heavily (probably even to the extent of over-weightage) the fact that Alibaba is expanding rapidly and therefore CAPEX might weigh slightly on Alibaba's EPS.
Indeed, in using an EPS which is much lower than Alibaba's average EPS growth over the years (15% versus 38%), and obtaining a valuation which is still higher than the last-traded stock price, even after 30% margin-of-safety, tells us that Alibaba is extremely undervalued on standard valuation measures.
2. Valuation based on Discounted FCF Model (Exit: 2025)
Being conservative, assuming:
Steady tax rate of 28% (tax rate in China is now 25%); discount rate of 10% (WACC for Alibaba is 6%); EV/EBITDA multiple of 21.5x; a conservative perpetuity growth rate of 3%; constant CAPEX; 5 billion HKD increase in NWC from 2021 to 2024; gradually decreasing EBIT from 20% to 10% over the next few years; increasing D&A of about 10% each year; the calculated equity value per share is 808 HKD.
Applying a 20% Margin of Safety, Alibaba's Fair Value is at least: 646 HKD
Applying a 30% Margin of Safety, Alibaba's Fair Value is at least: 565 HKD
3. Intrinsic Value of Alibaba (US)
Taking the average of the above two valuations to reconcile, Alibaba's fair value is 467 HKD (20% Margin of Safety); 409 HKD (30% Margin of Safety).
As Alibaba's closing price on 5 March 2021 is 227 HKD, Alibaba shares are trading at a steep discount to its fair value. The potential upside for Alibaba (9988.HK) is at least 80%. Indeed, Alibaba's US counter is likely to be significantly undervalued as well.
This can be reconciled with another analyst's estimates of BABA's (NYSE) fair value of between US$408 to US$988.
To further confirm my findings, I refer to the average 12-month price-target that analysts provide for Alibaba (US) of US$323, which represents a 38% upside over the last-traded price on NYSE of 234 USD.
Are bearish market sentiments over-weighing political and legal risks to Alibaba? To add wound to salt, there was a very recent correction in the US markets, which might have led to further selling-down of Alibaba stock on both the HK and US exchanges. We will discuss more on behavioural finance in future blog posts. Indeed, if it is any comfort, it seems that the bearishness has lifted based on what is seen on BABA's price charts (a reversal candle) as well as BABA's short-sell volume ratio (of 1.43% last Friday on the NYSE). This implies that shortists are of the view that there is "not much meat left" to short and BABA is in the over-corrected region. Indeed, a simple technical analysis using Bollinger Band supports this analysis.

Alibaba (US) daily chart, showing over-sold condition on the Bollinger Bands as well as bullish divergence on OBV. A more technical treatment of Alibaba will be provided next week but suffice to say that Alibaba is trading (as of Friday's close) at a very attractive valuation now, being at a crucial pivot point.
Indeed, as can be seen from the daily chart provided above, in Oct 2020, BABA (NYSE) traded at US$318 - what justifies the 28% discount to Alibaba's share price? Surely nothing much has changed quantitatively. Probably as Buffett has hypothesised, the markets are not very efficient as there can be periods of "over-reaction" whereby stocks are under-valued.
4. Qualitative Aspects
In the next post, I will discuss the qualitative aspects of the investment thesis, including the following arguments:
(1) Alibaba's rapid growth into various sectors as a Technology Conglomerate. They are taping into new sectors and new ventures, some of which are already immensely successful, such as Alibaba Cloud. Several sectors Alibaba is tapping into include financials (Ant Group), health (AliHealth), new media (Bilibi), real estate (EJU), to name a few.
(2) Unlikely that China will want to jeopardise the capitalist economy it now has - Alibaba is a huge company which brings immense tax returns for the government. Even if they nationalise Alibaba, which is unlikely, there is likely not to be much change in the valuation.
(3) Jack Ma only has a 3% stake in Alibaba, having trimmed his stake from 6%. He has stepped down from the day-to-day management of Alibaba and it is unlikely that the Chinese government would significantly "rock the boat" since there are other much larger majority investors such as SoftBank (SoftBank is a Japanese conglomerate). At most, Jack Ma could be forced to liquidate his shares; in this worst case scenario, there might be a slight market shock before it is realised that this should not have a material impact on Baba's valuation inasmuch as Jack Ma had been focussing on leadership renewal and has more or less stepped aside from de facto control over the company. Indeed, it is likely that the Chinese government would make full use of this well-known corporate vehicle to increase its influence worldwide. Alibaba would serve as an exemplar of the success of the Chinese model of capitalism, hopefully making it easier for Hong Kong to transition peacefully beyond the One Country, Two Systems paradigm. Indeed, inasmuch as there may be (and I am speculating) bad blood between Xi Jinping and Jack Ma, both men are wise enough not to let it over-escalate and jeopardise strategic goals and interests.
In the next post, we will discuss the qualitative aspects of an Alibaba Investment Thesis. You will like what I've got for you!
Disclosure: The content creator owns 300 shares of Alibaba, purchased at 222 HKD (200 shares) and 250 HKD (100 shares). He also holds an insubstantial amount of SocGen Daily Leveraged Certificate (5x Long) for Alibaba (Underlying security: 9988.HK).